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10 Cray T3E User’s Guide
Besides the portable MPI and PVM message-passing systems, the high-
performance SHMEM library is available. This is a Cray-specific library
for parallelization using the “data-passing” or one-sided communication
paradigm. See page 70 for further details.
In addition to the message-passing and data-passing methods for par-
allelization, there is a possibility for data-parallel programming on the
Cray T3E. The HPF (High Performance Fortran) programming model is
a data-parallel extension of the Fortran 90 programming language (see
Section 7.5 on page 78 for details).
1.5 Programming tools and libraries
In addition to the previously mentioned compilers and parallelization
tools, there are additional programming tools available on the T3E. The
MPP Apprentice and PAT (the Performance Analysis Tool) profiling tools
make it possible to locate performance bottlenecks in a parallel code.
The Cray TotalView debugger makes finding bugs in a parallel program
easier. You may also use the VAMPIR software for tracing message
passing of MPI codes.
The Cray T3E system also offers some standard numerical libraries, such
as the Cray Libsci library, which contains high-performance versions of
the BLAS and LAPACK libraries. In addition, the Libsci library offers
tuned routines for, e.g., FFT operations on large datasets.
The IMSL and NAG general-purpose numerical libraries are also available.
At the moment, these packages contain only single-processor routines,
but in the future some of the IMSL and NAG routines will be parallelized.
However, the ScaLAPACK library already offers some parallel routines
for linear algebra operations. In addition, some of the FFT routines in
Libsci are parallelized.
See page 33 for more information on the Libsci library. If you are inter-
ested in using the NAG or IMSL libraries, see pages 37 or 38, respectively.
1.6 Notation used in this guide
The teletype font indicates a command or a file name, or the output
of a program. To distinguish between user commands and the response
of the computer, the following fonts are used:
t3e% pwd
/csc
t3e% echo $ARCH
t3e
- Cray T3E 1
- User’s Guide 1
- Cray T3E User’s Guide 3 3
- Contents 4
- Contents 5 5
- B Glossary 113 6
- Bibliography 118 6
- Index 120 6
- Introduction 7
- 1.2 Usage policy 8
- 1.3 Overview of the system 9
- 1.4 Programming environment 9
- 10 Cray T3E User’s Guide 10
- Chapter 1. Introduction 11 11
- 12 Cray T3E User’s Guide 12
- Using the Cray T3E at CSC 13
- 2.2 Files 14
- 2.3 Editing files 16
- 2.5 Executing in batch mode 17
- 2.6 More information 18
- The Cray T3E system 20
- 3.2 Distributed memory 21
- 3.3 Processing elements 21
- 3.4 Processor architecture 23
- 3.5 Local memory hierarchy 24
- 26 Cray T3E User’s Guide 26
- Processing Element 27
- I/O Controller 27
- Interconnection 27
- Network 27
- 3.9 File systems 28
- 3.10 Resource monitoring 29
- 30 Cray T3E User’s Guide 30
- 3.11 More information 31
- Program development 32
- 4.3.1 BLAS 34
- 4.3.2 LAPACK 34
- 4.3.3 BLACS 35
- 4.3.4 PBLAS and ScaLAPACK 35
- 4.3.5 Details 35
- 36 Cray T3E User’s Guide 36
- 4.6 More information 38
- Fortran programming 40
- 5.2 Basic usage 41
- 5.4 Compiler options 42
- 5.5 Optimization options 42
- 5.6 Optimizing for cache 44
- 5.7 Compiler directives 45
- 5.8 Fortran 90 modules 48
- 5.9 Source code preprocessing 49
- 5.10 More information 51
- C and C++ programming 52
- 6.2 The C compiler 53
- 6.3 Calling Fortran from C 54
- 6.4 C compiler options 55
- #pragma _CRI symmetric var 59
- #pragma _CRI unroll [n] 59
- 6.6 The C++ compiler 61
- 6.7 More information 61
- Interprocess communication 62
- 7.2.1 Format of the MPI calls 63
- 7.2.2 Some MPI routines 64
- 7.2.3 An example of using MPI 64
- 7.2.5 MPI data types 67
- 7.3.1 Using PVM on the T3E 68
- #include <mpp/shmem.h> 71
- INCLUDE ’mpp/shmem.fh’ 71
- 7.4.2 Data addresses 72
- 7.4.4 Reduction routines 74
- 7.4.6 Example of using SHMEM 76
- 78 Cray T3E User’s Guide 78
- 0:c= 10121416 78
- 1:c= 2468 78
- 80 Cray T3E User’s Guide 80
- Batch queuing system 81
- 82 Cray T3E User’s Guide 82
- # QSUB -l p_mpp_t=7000 82
- 8.3 Status of the NQE job 83
- 84 Cray T3E User’s Guide 84
- 8.4 Deleting an NQE batch job 86
- 8.5 Queues 86
- 8.6 More information 87
- Programming tools 88
- 9.2 Program Browser 89
- 9.3 Debugging programs 92
- 9.3.2 Examining core files 93
- 94 Cray T3E User’s Guide 94
- 9.4.1 MPP Apprentice 95
- 9.4.2 The appview command 98
- 9.4.3 PAT 98
- 9.5.1 The VAMPIRtrace library 100
- 102
- 9.5.3 More information 103
- Miscellaneous notes 104
- 10.1.3 The CPU clock timer 105
- 10.1.4 Example of timing 106
- 108 Cray T3E User’s Guide 108
- 10.4 More information 110
- About CSC 111
- 112 Cray T3E User’s Guide 112
- Glossary 113
- 114 Cray T3E User’s Guide 114
- Appendix B. Glossary 115 115
- Metacomputer Environment 116
- Bibliography 118
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